Multiple–Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas have two or more antennas in a single physical package and are designed for use in IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi networks. By utilizing multiple antennas, data throughput and range are increased compared to a single antenna using the same radio transmit power. Additionally MIMO antennas improve link reliability and experience less fading than a single antenna system. By transmitting multiple data streams at the same time, wireless capacity is increased.
MIMO technology uses Multipath (when wireless signals “bounce” off of objects and arrive at the receiver at different times) to improve wireless performance. MIMO technology takes a single data stream and breaks it down into several separate data streams and sends it out over multiple antennas. This provides redundancy.
802.11 Wireless Standards
| IEEE Standard | 802.11a | 802.11b | 802.11g | 802.11n | 802.11ac |
| Year Adopted | 1999 | 1999 | 2003 | 2009 | 2014 |
| Frequency | 5 GHz | 2.4 GHz | 2.4 GHz | 2.4/5 GHz | 5 GHz |
| Max. Data Rate | 54 Mbps | 11 Mbps | 54 Mbps | 600 Mbps | 1 Gbps |
| Typical Range Indoors* | 100 ft. | 100 ft. | 125 ft. | 225 ft. | 90 ft. |
| Typical Range Outdoors* | 400 ft. | 450 ft. | 450 ft. | 825 ft. | 1,000 ft. |
*Range estimates are typical and require line of sight. Basically that means you will need a clear unobstructed view of the MIMO antenna from the remote point in the link. Keep in mind that walls and obstacles will limit your operating range and could even prevent you from establishing a link. Signals generally will not penetrate metal or concrete walls. Trees and leaves are obstructions to 802.11 frequencies so they will partially or entirely block the signal.
Other factors that will reduce range and affect coverage area of MIMO antennas include metal studs in walls, concrete fiberboard walls, aluminum siding, foil-backed insulation in the walls or under the siding, pipes and electrical wiring, furniture and sources of interference. The primary source of interference in the home will be the microwave oven. Other sources include other wireless equipment, cordless phones, radio transmitters and other electrical equipment.
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